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Volume 45, No. 2

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Plastic ingestion by Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes from Kure Atoll, Hawai'i: Linking chick diet remains and parental at-sea foraging distributions


Authors

K. DAVID HYRENBACH1, MICHELLE M. HESTER2, JOSH ADAMS3, ANDREW J. TITMUS1, PAM MICHAEL2, TRAVIS WAHL1, CHIH-WEI CHANG1, AMARISA MARIE4 & CYNTHIA VANDERLIP4
1 Hawai'i Pacific University, Marine Science, 41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA (khyrenbach@hpu.edu)
2 Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, P.O. 1918, Kailua, HI 96734, USA
3 US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Station, Santa Cruz Field Station, 2885 Mission St., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
4 Hawai'i Department of Land & Natural Resources, 2135 Makiki Heights Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Citation

HYRENBACH, K.D., HESTER, M.M., ADAMS, J., TITMUS, A.J., MICHAEL, P., WAHL, T., CHANG, C.-W., MARIE, A. & VANDERLIP, C. 2017. Plastic ingestion by Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes from Kure Atoll, Hawai'i: Linking chick diet remains and parental at-sea foraging distributions. Marine Ornithology 45: 225 - 236

Received 4 May 2017, accepted 30 August 2017

Date Published: 2017/10/15
Date Online: 2017/10/15
Key words: Black-footed Albatross, Phoebastria nigripes, boluses, Kure Atoll, marine debris, plastic ingestion, seamounts, tracking 

Abstract

We quantified the incidence (percentage of samples with plastic) and loads (mass, volume) of four plastic types (fragments, line, sheet, foam) ingested by Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes chicks raised on Kure Atoll, the westernmost Hawaiian colony. All 25 samples contained plastic, mostly in the form of foam and line. On average (± SD), boluses and stomachs contained 28.2 ± 14.3 g and 40.3 ± 29.0 g of plastic, respectively. Plastic was the dominant indigestible material in the boluses and the stomach samples, accounting for 48.8%-89.7% of the bolus mass (mean 67.4 ± 12.1%, median 67.5%, n = 20), and for 18.2%-94.1% of the stomach content mass (mean 70.0 ± 30.3%, median 75.6%, n = 5). Although the ingested plastic fragments ranged widely in size, most (92% in boluses, 91% in stomachs) were mesoplastics (5-25 mm), followed by macroplastics (>25 mm; 7% in boluses, 6% in stomachs), and microplastics (1-5 mm; 1% in boluses, 4% in stomachs). Yet the two fragment size distributions were significantly different, with more small-sized items (3-8 mm) in stomachs and with more large-sized items (46-72 mm) in boluses. To investigate where albatross parents collect this material, we tracked seven provisioning adults during 14 foraging trips using satellite-linked transmitters. The tracked birds foraged west of Kure Atoll (180-150°E, 30-40°N) and spent most of their time over pelagic waters (>2000 m deep; averaging 89 ± 9%), with substantial time over seamounts (averaging 11 ± 7%). Together, these results indicate that Black-footed Albatross chicks at Kure Atoll ingest plastics sourced by their parents foraging in waters of the western North Pacific. Provisioning adults forage within an area of surface convergence, downstream from the Kuroshio Current, and frequently visit seamounts northwest of the Hawaiian archipelago.

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